Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the fingers and thumb. It occurs when the tendons in your hand become inflamed and thickened, making it difficult for them to glide smoothly through the tendon sheath (a protective tunnel that holds the tendon in place). This causes the affected finger or thumb to get stuck in a bent position and suddenly snap or “trigger” when straightened.

Here is a simplified explanation of how trigger finger develops:

• Tendons and sheath: Tendons are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones, allowing you to move your fingers. The tendons slide through a protective tunnel called the tendon sheath, which keeps them in place.

• Inflammation and thickening: When the tendons become irritated or inflamed, they can swell and thicken. This can be caused by repetitive hand movements, gripping activities, or conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

• Nodule formation: As the tendon thickens, it may develop a small bump or nodule, making it harder for it to slide smoothly through the tendon sheath. The nodule acts like a catching point, leading to the characteristic triggering or snapping sensation.

• Finger locking and releasing: When you try to straighten your finger or thumb, the thickened tendon gets stuck at the entrance of the tendon sheath. As you apply more force, the tendon suddenly pops through the sheath, causing the finger to straighten with a snap or trigger-like motion.

SYMPTOMS

• Finger stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
• Pain or tenderness at the base of the affected finger or thumb.
• A popping or clicking sensation when moving the finger.
• Finger or thumb getting stuck in a bent position and then suddenly straightening with a snap.

TREATMENT

• Rest and activity modification: Avoiding repetitive movements that worsen symptoms and giving the hand time to rest can help reduce inflammation.

• Splinting: Wearing a splint to immobilize the affected finger can provide relief and allow the tendon to heal.

• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroid injections may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

• Physical therapy: Exercises and stretches can help improve the range of motion and strengthen the affected finger or thumb.

• Surgical intervention: In severe cases or when other treatments don’t provide relief, a surgical procedure called a tenosynovectomy may be recommended. It involves releasing the constricted tendon sheath to allow smoother movement of the tendon.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan if you suspect you have trigger finger. Come speak to us at AN Medical for a detailed diagnosis and treatment plan.